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Commands and references ( GNU / linux kernel 2.4.18-3 and
2.4.18-14 )
Linux is a registered trademark of Linus Torvalds The commands with their most common usage are in brackets like this: [ command ]. Don't type the brackets, just what is inside of them. Back to the index page |
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Start a basic X server: [ xinit ] ( holding the Ctrl Alt Backspace keys down simultaineously will get you out of this ) After you have xinit running, move the mouse cursor into the window where the command prompt is located and type the command of the window manager you want to run like this: [ gnome-session ] or [ startkde ] or [ twm ] Here is the manual page: (commands may not have brackets)
XINIT(1) XINIT(1)
NAME
xinit - X Window System initializer
SYNOPSIS
xinit [ [ client ] options ] [ -- [ server ] [ display ] options ]
DESCRIPTION
The xinit program is used to start the X Window System server and a
first client program on systems that cannot start X directly from
/etc/init or in environments that use multiple window systems. When
this first client exits, xinit will kill the X server and then termi-
nate.
If no specific client program is given on the command line, xinit will
look for a file in the user's home directory called .xinitrc to run as
a shell script to start up client programs. If no such file exists,
xinit will use the following as a default:
xterm -geometry +1+1 -n login -display :0
If no specific server program is given on the command line, xinit will
look for a file in the user's home directory called .xserverrc to run
as a shell script to start up the server. If no such file exists,
xinit will use the following as a default:
X :0
Note that this assumes that there is a program named X in the current
search path. However, servers are usually named Xdisplaytype where
displaytype is the type of graphics display which is driven by this
server. The site administrator should, therefore, make a link to the
appropriate type of server on the machine, or create a shell script
that runs xinit with the appropriate server.
Note, when using a .xserverrc script be sure to "exec" the real X
server. Failing to do this can make the X server slow to start and
exit. For example:
exec Xdisplaytype
An important point is that programs which are run by .xinitrc should be
run in the background if they do not exit right away, so that they
don't prevent other programs from starting up. However, the last long-
lived program started (usually a window manager or terminal emulator)
should be left in the foreground so that the script won't exit (which
indicates that the user is done and that xinit should exit).
An alternate client and/or server may be specified on the command line.
The desired client program and its arguments should be given as the
first command line arguments to xinit. To specify a particular server
command line, append a double dash (--) to the xinit command line
(after any client and arguments) followed by the desired server com-
mand.
Both the client program name and the server program name must begin
with a slash (/) or a period (.). Otherwise, they are treated as an
arguments to be appended to their respective startup lines. This makes
it possible to add arguments (for example, foreground and background
colors) without having to retype the whole command line.
If an explicit server name is not given and the first argument
following the double dash (--) is a colon followed by a digit, xinit
will use that number as the display number instead of zero. All
remaining arguments are appended to the server command line.
EXAMPLES
Below are several examples of how command line arguments in xinit are
used.
xinit This will start up a server named X and run the user's .xini-
trc, if it exists, or else start an xterm.
xinit -- /usr/X11R6/bin/Xqdss :1
This is how one could start a specific type of server on an
alternate display.
xinit -geometry =80x65+10+10 -fn 8x13 -j -fg white -bg navy
This will start up a server named X, and will append the given
arguments to the default xterm command. It will ignore .xini-
trc.
xinit -e widgets -- ./Xsun -l -c
This will use the command .Xsun -l -c to start the server and
will append the arguments -e widgets to the default xterm com-
mand.
xinit /usr/ucb/rsh fasthost cpupig -display ws:1 -- :1 -a 2 -t 5
This will start a server named X on display 1 with the argu-
ments -a 2 -t 5. It will then start a remote shell on the
machine fasthost in which it will run the command cpupig,
telling it to display back on the local workstation.
Below is a sample .xinitrc that starts a clock, several terminals, and
leaves the window manager running as the "last" application. Assum-
ing that the window manager has been configured properly, the user then
chooses the "Exit" menu item to shut down X.
xrdb -load $HOME/.Xresources
xsetroot -solid gray &
xclock -g 50x50-0+0 -bw 0 &
xload -g 50x50-50+0 -bw 0 &
xterm -g 80x24+0+0 &
xterm -g 80x24+0-0 &
twm
Sites that want to create a common startup environment could simply
create a default .xinitrc that references a site-wide startup file:
#!/bin/sh
. /usr/local/lib/site.xinitrc
Another approach is to write a script that starts xinit with a specific
shell script. Such scripts are usually named x11, xstart, or startx
and are a convenient way to provide a simple interface for novice
users:
#!/bin/sh
xinit /usr/local/lib/site.xinitrc -- /usr/X11R6/bin/X bc
ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
DISPLAY This variable gets set to the name of the display to
which clients should connect.
XINITRC This variable specifies an init file containing shell
commands to start up the initial windows. By default,
.xinitrc in the home directory will be used.
FILES
.xinitrc default client script
xterm client to run if .xinitrc does not exist
.xserverrc default server script
X server to run if .xserverrc does not exist
SEE ALSO
X(7x), startx(1), Xserver(1), xterm(1)
AUTHOR
Bob Scheifler, MIT Laboratory for Computer Science
XINIT(1)
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